Policy Analysis

This paper outlines the process of constructing a 2001 social accounting matrix (SAM) for Zambia. A SAM is a consistent data framework that captures not only the information contained in the national income and product accounts and the input-output table, but also takes into consideration the monetary flows between institutions within the economy. The SAM is an ex-post accounting framework since, within its square matrix, total receipts must equal total payments for each account contained within the SAM.

This manual describes the standard SAM and gives an overview of the features of the CGE model, followed by an equation-by-equation description. Finaly, the manual provides a description of  the structure of the GAMS files for the standard CGE model and its database and discusses how they may be used for policy analysis. The appendixes include the mathematical model statement in summary form and core sections of the GAMS code for the model. 

The IMPACT model is designed to examine alternative futures for global food supply, demand, trade, prices, and food security. The IMPACT model provides both fundamental, global baseline projections of agricultural commodity supply, demand, trade, prices and malnutrition outcomes along with cutting-edge research results on quickly evolving topics such as bioenergy, climate change, changing diet/food preferences, and many other themes.

Zambia (ZAMSAM). The SAM incorporates economy-wide data in a consistent framework and provides the benchmark data for the analysis under the MERRISA project. Data sources include national accounts data, government budgets, balance of payments statistics, trade data, household surveys, and farm budgets. The SAM construction can be divided into three steps: First, a highly aggregated SAM (macro SAM) is constructed. It represents the macroeconomic framework of the Zambian economy.

This paper documents the construction of a 1992 social accounting matrix (SAM) for Tanzania. On the basis of recently generated national accounts data, a 56-sector SAM is built focusing on the disaggregation of agriculture - which comprises 21 of the 56 sectors. First, a highly aggregated SAM (macrosam) is designed to set the macroeconomic framework that provides the control totals for the disaggregation procedure. Then, the sector disaggregation of the microeconomic SAM (microsam) is done. Data sources and the data adjustments made are presented.

This paper presents a 1999 social accounting matrix (SAM) for Uganda that was constructed to meet the economywide modeling requirements undertaken by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) “Strategic Criteria for Rural Investments in Productivity (SCRIP)” project. The SAM has a detailed treatment of the agriculture sector, in terms of both disaggregation by crop and by region (six agro-climatic zones).